Teeth, bacteria and food/drink are the only things you need to get cavities. There are certain factors that will increase your susceptibility to cavities. Factors like dry mouth, medications, poor oral hygiene, frequent snacking or sipping, diet and certain medical conditions are just a few that can lead to the breakdown of tooth structure.

These factors provide an environment that allow bacteria to thrive. Bacteria attaches to the tooth and produces acid. This acid causes tooth structure to breakdown and ultimately causes cavities.

Root surfaces are more prone to decay due to the absence of enamel. They are more porous (for lack of a better word) and are normally covered by bone and gums. Root exposure increases the likelihood of cavities and meticulous oral hygiene is a must.

Cavity formation can be a fast process depending on certain habits and factors. Radiographs (x-rays) help detect cavities as early as possible. Without routine x-rays, cavities can become extensive and most people will not have any symptoms until it is too late. Lack of pain is not a good indication of healthy teeth. In many cases, the extent of decay can cause the tooth to need substantial work to “fix” the tooth or even render it unsalvageable by the time symptoms develop.

Bleeding gums, bad breath, red gums, swollen gums and gum recession may be a result of periodontal disease.

Periodontal disease can be managed but not cured. Every patient is different in terms of severity and frequency of periodontal disease. You may have a mild, moderate or severe form and it can be located around every tooth in the mouth or localized to specific teeth. If you receive a deep cleaning, you will no longer receive prophylaxis “regular” cleanings. You will receive a periodontal maintenance cleaning. Periodontal maintenance cleanings address the crown of the tooth (the portion of the tooth you can see in the mouth), roots (the portion of the tooth beneath the gums), gums and bones. The time interval between cleanings will be determined by dental professionals based on the condition of your oral health.

Typically, a dental hygienist provides the different types of cleanings. If there is minimal improvement or additional treatments are needed to help increase your oral health, you will be referred to a specialist called a Periodontist. Periodontists are dentists who specialize in the foundation of teeth, bones and gums.